2012年IYPT竞赛题目
发布：王超 来源：物理教研组 日期：2018-12-18 人气：
1。“Gaussian cannon” 高斯炮
在一个隔绝磁场的管道里，完全一样的钢球按一定顺序排好，在这钢球中也同时放着一个磁性很强的磁铁。另一个球滚向这些钢球，并与最后一个球相撞。另一边的球将以惊人的速度发射出去。优化磁铁的位置，使其获得最大的效果。
2． “Cutting the air” 空气振动
一根绳子（例如尼龙绳）的一端系着一块小质量块，这根绳子绕着另一端旋转，将会发出独特的声音。对声音的来源与相关的参数进行研究。
3。“String of beads” 一串珠子
一长串珠子由烧杯释放。它通过在烧杯边缘上方的链子牵引。由于重力的作用，串珠的速度越来越大，在一个特定的时候，串珠不再碰到烧杯的边缘。请研究并解释这种现象。
4。“Fluid bridge” 流动桥
如果高压被施加于两杯烧杯中的水（例如去离子水），这两个烧杯相互连接。那么有可能形成水桥。请研究这种现象。（一定要注意高压不能超过当地的规定）
5．“Bright waves” 闪亮的水波
照亮一个水箱。当水的表面有水波时，你可以看见在水箱的底部会有明亮相间的图案。请研究水波与图案的关系。
6。“Woodpecker toy” 啄木鸟玩具
一个啄木鸟玩具（如图）将会发生振动。请研究和解释玩具的运动。
7． “Drawing pins” 图钉
一个图钉浮在水面上，它靠近另一个漂浮物。图钉受制于引力。请研究并解释此现象。有没有可能通过相同的原理得到斥力。
8．“Bubbles” 水泡
当存在大量的水泡时，有可能浮于水面上吗？请研究物体的浮力跟水泡之间的关系。
9． “Magnet and coin” 磁铁与硬币
把一个硬币垂直的放在一个磁铁的上面。使硬币倾斜一定的角度然后释放它。硬币有可能倒向磁铁，也有可能恢复到原来垂直的状态。请研究并解释硬币的运动。
10。“Rocking bottle” 摆动的瓶子
在一个瓶子装一些水。将瓶子横放在水平面上，然后推一下瓶子。在停止运动之前，瓶子可能向前运动然后产生振动。请研究瓶子的运动。
11． “Flat flow” 平静地流淌
在两个大平行板间有一个薄的空隙，里面填充着一些液体。在一个平行板中间挖一个小孔。如果通过小孔注入不同的液体，研究在这样小空间中水的流动。
12． “Lanterns” 灯笼
纸灯笼可以通过燃烧的蜡烛飘浮起来。设计并制造一个由一个蜡烛驱动的灯笼。尽量使灯笼升高到 2.5米的时间最短。（从蜡烛点着开始计算）请研究相关因素的影响。（请注意不要引起火灾）
13．“Misty glass” 雾气迷漫的杯子
向一个温度较低的杯子吹气，则会在杯子上面形成水雾。通过这个起雾的杯子去看白色亮点，你将会看到一个模糊的白点外边出现了色环。请解释这种现象。
14．“Granular splash” 沙粒四溅
如果一个钢球被抛进干砂床，我们将观察到沙粒四溅，并伴随着竖直的圆柱形的沙粒的喷溅。请解释这种现象。
15． “Frustrating golf ball” 沮丧的高尔夫球
当轻击高尔夫球使其入洞时，高尔夫球却经常无法入洞。请解释这种现象，并研究在什么条件下，这种现象能被观察到。
16．“Rising bubble” 上升的气泡
在一个垂直的管子里面充满着粘性液体。在管子的底部，有一个大的气泡。请研究气泡由底部上升到表面的过程。
17．“Ball in foam” 泡沫里的球
一个质量很小的小球被放进肥皂泡里。球的大小应该与肥皂泡差不多。根据相应参数研究球的运动。
2012年IYPT竞赛题目
1．“Gaussian cannon” 高斯炮
A sequence of identical steel balls includes a strong magnet and lies in a nonmagnetic channel. Another steel ball is rolled towards them and collides with the end ball. The ball at the opposite end of the sequence is ejected at a surprisingly high velocity. Optimize the magnet's position for the greatest effect.
2．“Cutting the air” 空气振动
When a piece of thread (e.g., nylon) is whirled around with a small mass attached to its free end, a distinct noise is emitted. Study the origin of this noise and the relevant parameters.
3。“String of beads” 一串珠子
A long string of beads is released from a beaker by pulling a sufficiently long part of the chain over the edge of the beaker. Due to gravity the speed of the string increases. At a certain moment the string no longer touches the edge of the beaker (see picture). Investigate and explain the phenomenon.
4．“Fluid bridge” 流动桥
If a high voltage is applied to a fluid (e.g. deionized water) in two beakers, which are in contact, a fluid bridge may be formed. Investigate the phenomenon. (High voltages must only be used under appropriate supervision — check local rules.)
5．“Bright waves” 闪亮的水波
Illuminate a water tank. When there are waves on the water surface, you can see bright and dark patterns on the bottom of the tank. Study the relation between the waves and the pattern.
6．“Woodpecker toy” 啄木鸟玩具
A woodpecker toy (see picture) exhibits an oscillatory motion. Investigate and explain the motion of the toy.
7．“Drawing pins” 图钉
A drawing pin (thumbtack) floating on the surface of water near another floating object is subject to an attractive force. Investigate and explain the phenomenon. Is it possible to achieve a repulsive force by a similar mechanism?
8．“Bubbles” 水泡
Is it possible to float on water when there are a large number of bubbles present? Study how the buoyancy of an object depends on the presence of bubbles.
9．“Magnet and coin” 磁铁与硬币
Place a coin vertically on a magnet. Incline the coin relative to the magnet and then release it. The coin may fall down onto the magnet or revert to its vertical position. Study and explain the coin’s motion.
10．“Rocking bottle” 摆动的瓶子
Fill a bottle with some liquid. Place it on a horizontal surface and give it a push. The bottle may first move forward and then oscillate before it comes to rest. Investigate the bottle’s motion.
11． “Flat flow” 平静地流淌
Fill a thin gap between two large transparent horizontal parallel plates with a liquid and make a little hole in the centre of one of the plates. Investigate the flow in such a cell, if a different liquid is injected through the hole.
12．“Lanterns” 灯笼
Paper lanterns float using a candle. Design and make a lantern powered by a single tea-light that takes the shortest time (from lighting the candle) to float up a vertical height of 2.5 m. Investigate the influence of the relevant parameters. (Please take care not to create a risk of fire!)
13．“Misty glass” 雾气迷漫的杯子
Breathe on a cold glass surface so that water vapour condenses on it. Look at a white lamp through the misted glass and you will see coloured rings appear outside a central fuzzy white spot. Explain the phenomenon.
14．“Granular splash” 沙粒四溅
If a steel ball is dropped onto a bed of dry sand, a “splash” will be observed that may be followed by the ejection of a vertical column of sand.Reproduce and explain this phenomenon.
15． “Frustrating golf ball” 沮丧的高尔夫球
It often happens that a golf ball escapes from the hole an instant after it has been putted into it. Explain this phenomenon and investigate the conditions under which it can be observed.
16．“Rising bubble” 上升的气泡
A vertical tube is filled with a viscous fluid. On the bottom of the tube, there is a large air bubble. Study the bubble rising from the bottom to the surface.
17．“Ball in foam” 泡沫里的球
A small, light ball is placed inside soap foam. The size of the ball should be comparable to the size of the foam bubbles. Investigate the ball’s motion as a function of the relevant parameters.
